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adhd treatment medication – Ritalin, Amphetamine, and Methylphenidate Ritalin is a stimulant of the central nervous system. Doctors often prescribe it to treat ADHD. It is available in liquid and tablet form (Ritalin and Ritalin SR) or as a quick dissolve tablet (Evekeo ODt) which dissolves instantly in the mouth. The most frequently prescribed drugs for ADHD are stimulants. They reduce symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in the brain. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin) is the most popular stimulant ADHD medication for children and adults. It increases levels of the brain chemical dopamine which improves concentration and focus. It also has off-label uses in narcolepsy as well as for fatigue related to cancer treatment and apathy in older adults. It is available in many forms, ranging from tablets with short-acting that can be chewed or dissolved to extended-release capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food. It is a Schedule II substance due to its potential for misuse. Common side effects of methylphenidate include a dry mouth, nausea and sleeplessness. Children who take methylphenidate can lose appetite and not want to eat anything at all. If these side effects occur, the doctor may lower the dosage or switch to a nonstimulant medication. Stimulant medications like methylphenidate can increase the risk of substance abuse in young people. However, this risk is lessened when the medication is administered in accordance with the prescribed dosage and under the strict supervision by a physician. The FDA recommends that parents use an approach to managing their behavior to minimize the chance of misuse of drugs and to help children develop the skills to manage their ADHD symptoms. Methylphenidate may be contraindicated in certain patients with heart issues. It may cause heart failure or an irregular heartbeat in those suffering from structural heart diseases. It can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. It can also worsen circulation problems in the fingers and toes. The FDA has approved methylphenidate products in IR and ER. In addition, it is available as an extended-release capsule called Azstarys, which contains serdexmethylphenidate (SDX) and immediate-release d-methylphenidate (d-MPH). It is also sold as a tablet that can be chewed or dissolved in liquid. The drug should be taken in conjunction with food to prevent appetite loss. Methylphenidate can alter moods, and some people may be more depressed or irritable. It can cause manic episodes in people with bipolar disorders. In rare cases, methylphenidate may increase the severity of psychotic symptoms for people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Amphetamine Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It helps by increasing attention and reducing restlessness in those with ADHD. It also helps reduce weight in people who are overweight. Only doctors can prescribe it. Amphetamine functions by influencing the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and inhibiting the vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2). It affects the caudate nucleus of the dorsal region, putamen, substantia nigra ventral tegmental region locus ceruleus, amygdala, and raphe nucleus of the brain. Amphetamines are used in combination with other medications to treat ADHD. They can also be used to treat narcolepsy, or to help people lose weight. Orally, they are available in several varieties: an immediate-release tablet called Evekeo orally disintegrating tablet which dissolves quickly in the mouth (Evekeo OD) and an Adzenys ER (long-acting tablet). Certain people might use amphetamines in order to feel more awake and have more energy. These people could be truck drivers or soldiers, students or athletes. In the past, amphetamines could be used to increase the performance of workers or to increase morale. In addition, they can be misused by those who suffer from eating disorders. They can have serious side effects, such as sudden death and cardiovascular problems. Amphetamine overdose is dangerous, and can lead to addiction. Amphetamine is also known to interact with certain medications, such as heart medications and antidepressants. Inform your doctor if are taking any other medications or supplements. It is also important to let your nurse or doctor know if this is something you plan to do. Amphetamine could be absorbed into breast milk and harm babies. Patients taking this medication should be evaluated for cardiac status before and during treatment. Patients who experience exertional chest pain, heart murmurs, or signs of syncope need to undergo a full cardiac evaluation. Patients who show any indication of bipolar disorder should undergo an examination of their mental health prior to beginning amphetamine. It is also essential to monitor the growth of children during treatment. It is crucial to store this medicine in a safe location, which is best secured. Do not give or sell it to anyone else. It could cause harm to other people and is also illegal. It is crucial to follow the prescribed schedule recommended by your physician. This will help you avoid withdrawal symptoms, which could be serious. Non-stimulant medicines Stimulant drugs are the most popular treatment for ADHD, but they're not always the right option. In fact, nonstimulant drugs are more effective in treating some children than stimulants. They take longer to treat, but they can improve kids' ability to focus and manage their impulses. Nonstimulant medicines can also be less harmful to the body. They can also be used in conjunction with stimulants to improve the effectiveness of the medication. Stimulants such Ritalin and Adderall improve the communication between nerves and regions of the brain, helping kids focus and limit their tendency to be impulsive. These drugs have been studied for decades and are shown to be the most effective in treating children suffering from ADHD. Methylphenidate as well as amphetamine, which are the principal ingredients in many stimulant medicines, are known to be abused by some people as recreational drugs. Due to the potential for misuse, these drugs are controlled substances. Doctors need a prescription to prescribe these medications and their dosage and distribution are closely monitored to prevent misuse. Some stimulant medication can cause serious side effects, such as an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Some people also experience a loss of appetite, which can lead to weight loss. In addition, these medications can cause mood swings that include anxiety or nervousness. These medications can also cause sleep issues which could affect a person's performance at work or at school. In some cases, these side effects can be so severe that doctors must change the type of medication. Nonstimulant medicines have been around for less time than the stimulants however they are just as effective. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera (Strattera), and guanfacine are FDA-approved ADHD treatments that target a different neurotransmitter. These medications are called selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors and have been proven to reduce symptoms of ADHD in more than 70 percent of children. Viloxazine (Qelbree) is another new medication that functions similarly to atomoxetine, although it's not yet been compared against stimulants head-to-head. Other forms of non-stimulant medicines include alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and antidepressants. Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists which are typically prescribed to treat high blood pressure, have a relaxing affect that can help with an impulsiveness. They aren't the first choice for ADHD treatment, but they can be used as a supplement to other medications or when stimulants aren't working. Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, nortriptyline and Tofranil are often prescribed to treat ADHD. They can lower blood pressure and help calm the child. However, they're generally given to older kids or teenagers who can handle the adverse effects. Side effects If your child is experiencing side effects due to ADHD medication, it could be due to the way the medicine is absorbed into the body or through interactions with other medications and foods. Most often these effects can be controlled by altering the dosage or formula of the medication, or by adjusting their eating and sleeping habits. In certain instances, they can be avoided entirely by using another type of medication or stimulant. Methylphenidate which is sold as Ritalin, is a central nervous system stimulant that alters the chemical balance of the brain and nerves that are responsible for the hyperactivity and control of impulses. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved it for treatment of children aged 6 and over with ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). It is also available off-label for adult narcolepsy. When taken correctly, the methylphenidate drug is safe and effective. However, it is habit-forming and could result in addiction if used or stopped suddenly. It is essential to keep it out of reach of others and only use it according to the prescriptions of your doctor. Like other stimulants for the central nervous system, methylphenidate may cause a temporary increase in dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain. Dopamine influences pleasure and movement, while norepinephrine stimulates the brain and body for action. The most frequent adverse effects of methylphenidate include headaches, stomachaches and decreased appetite. These side effects are usually minor and will disappear after some days. The medication should be taken with food to boost absorption. Your child's physician will monitor the height growth of your child while on the medication. They may also recommend that you take a break during the summer months to encourage healthy growth. Certain people can experience an allergic reaction to methylphenidate therefore, they must inform their doctor prior to taking the medication if they have any allergies, including to bee stings. It is also important to let their doctor know if they are going to undergo surgery or an MRI or MRI, as these could interfere with how the medication is taken in. They should also tell their doctor if they drink alcohol, smoke, or use illegal drugs.